An
AWB is a bill of lading which covers both domestic and international
flights transporting goods to a specified destination. Technically, it
is a non-negotiable instrument of air transport which serves as a
receipt for the shipper, indicating that the carrier has accepted the
goods listed therein and obligates itself to carry the consignment to
the airport of destination according to specified conditions. Normally
AWB refers to the Air Waybill issued by carrying airlines and also
called Master Air Waybill (MAWB) which comes with three digits of
numeric airline identification codes issued by IATA to non-U.S. based
airlines and Air Transport Association of America to U.S. based
airlines. However, air freight forwarders also issue HAWB (House Air
Waybill) to their customers for each of the shipments.
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A unit load device (ULD) which links directly with the airplane cargo handling and restraint system.
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A term used to describe blocked space by airlines on behalf of forwarders/shippers.
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Actual Time of Arrival, or Airport-To-Airport, or Air Transport Association of America.
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Actual Time of Departute.
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The
Customs Service authorizes bonded warehouses for storage or manufacture
of goods on which payment of duties is deferred until the goods enter
the Customs Territory. The goods are not subject to duties if reshipped
to foreign points.
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For
consolidated air freight, it is moved under one MAWB and each
consignment designated to specific consignee or receipant is under one
HAWB. When freight forwarder receives the consolidated cargo from
carrier, they will break the consolidation apart per HAWB then proceed
customs clearance along with associated shipping and import documents.
Such Break-Bulk is normally handled by airlines or their contracted
ground handling agent.
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A
customs document permitting the holder to carry or send merchandise
temporarily into certain foreign countries for display, domonstration
or other purposes without paying import duties or posting bonds.
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An aircraft configured to carry both passengers and cargo on the Main Deck.
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Delivery
of merchandise from an exporter (the consignor) to an agent (the
consignee) under agreement that the agent sell the merchandise for the
account of the exporter. The consignor retains title to the goods until
sold. The consignee sells the goods for commission and remits the net
proceeds to the consignor.
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In
order to handle small lot of consignment efficiently and competitively,
freight forwarder usually put many consignments into one lot then
tender to carrier for forwarding. In this case, each consignment will
be shipped with one HAWB respectively and all of them will be under one
master AWB.
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The government authorities designated to collect duties levied by a country on imports and exports.
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An
individual or company licensed by the government to enter and clear
goods through Customs. The U.S. Customs Service defines a Customs
Broker, as any person who is licensed in accordance with Part III of
Title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations (Customs regulations) to
transact Customs business on behalf of others. Customs business is
limited to those activities involving transactions with Customs
concerning the entry and admissibility of merchandise; its
classification and valuation; the payment of duties, taxes, or other
charges assessed or collected by Customs upon merchandise by reason of
its importation, or the refund, rebate, or drawback thereof.
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The
procedures involved in getting cargo released by Customs through
designated formalities such as presenting import license/permit,
payment of import duties and other required documentations by the
nature of the cargo such as FCC or FDA approval.
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A
document, required by some foreign countries' customs officials to
verify the value, quantity, and nature of the shipment, describing the
shipment of goods and showing information such as the consignor,
consignee, and value of the shipment.
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Commodities
classified by IATA according to its nature and characteristic in terms
of the effect of its danger to carrier's flying safety.
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Deliver Duty Paid.
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Deliver Duty Unpaid.
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Also
called measurement weight. This is the size of consignment calculated
by total square feet by 6000. Carrier charge for freight based on the
dimensional weight or actual gross weight whichever is higher.
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Ship without consolidation and under one MAWB ie non-consolidation.
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Drawback
is a rebate by a government, in whole or in part, of customs duties
assessed on imported merchandise that is subsequently exported.
Drawback regulations and procedures vary among countries.
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A
tax imposed on imports by the customs authority of a country. Duties
are generally based on the value of the goods (ad valorem duties), some
other factors such as weight or quantity (specific duties), or a
combination of value and other factors (compound duties).
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EDI,
Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce, and
Transportation, is an international syntax used in the interchange of
electronic data. Customs uses EDI to interchange data with the
importing trade community.
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Estimated
Time of Arrival. Then, It normally takes 3 hours for carriers to Break
Bulk then ready to be picked up by forwarders along with customs
release notification.
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Estimated
Time of Departure. The cut-off time for carriers' cargo ramp handling
is normally two hours ahead of ETD. However, the freight forwraders'
consolidation cut-off time may vary depending on each forwarder's
operations respectively.
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Like
C & F, "Freight/Carriage paid to ..." means that the seller pays
the freight for the carriage of the goods to the named destination.
However, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as of any
cost increases, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the
goods have been delivered into the custody of the first carrier and not
at the ship's rail. The term can be used for all modes of transport
including multi-modal operations and container or "roll on-roll off"
traffic by trailer and ferries. When the seller has to furnish a bill
of lading, waybill or carrier's receipt, he duly fulfills this
obligation by presenting such a document issued by the person with whom
he has contracted for carriage to the named destination. (Also see
incoterms)
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Freight Carriage ... and Insurance paid to
This
term is the same as "Freight/Carriage Paid to ..." but with the
addition that the seller has to procure transport insurance against the
risk of loss of damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller
contracts with the insurer and pays the insurance premium.
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In
the context of travel activities, gateway refers to a major airport or
seaport. Internationally, gateway can also mean the port where customs
clearance takes place.
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The
Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (or Harmonized
System, HS) is a system for classifying goods in international trade,
developed under the auspices of the Customs Cooperation Council.
Beginning on January 1, 1989, the new HS numbers replaced previously
adhered-to schedules in over 50 countries, including the United States.
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House Air waybill issued by carrying airlines' agent, normally freight forwarder.
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International
Air Transport Association (IATA), established in 1945, is a trade
association serving airlines, passengers, shippers, travel agents, and
governments. The association promotes safety, standardization in forms
(baggage checks, tickets, weigh bills), and aids in establishing
international airfares. IATA headquarter is in Geneva, Switzerland.
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Two-character
Airline identification assigned by IATA in accordance with provisions
of Resolution 762. It is for use in reservations, timetables, tickets,
tariffs as well as air waybill.
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The
import certificate is a means by which the government of the country of
ultimate destination exercises legal control over the internal
channeling of the commodities covered by the import certificate.
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A
document required and issued by some national governments authorizing
the importation of goods.Also referred as import permit. With such
documentation, customs clearance can be conducted.
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Import
restriction, applied by a country with an adverse trade balance (or for
other reasons), reflect a desire to control the volume of goods coming
into the country from other countries may include the imposition of
tariffs or import quotas, restrictions on the amount of foreign
currency available to cover imports, a requirement for import deposits,
the imposition of import surcharges, or the prohibition of various
categories of imports.
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Maintained
by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), this codification of
terms is used in foreign trade contracts to define which parties incur
the costs and at what specific point the costs are incurred.
(also see incoterm section)
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This
certificate is used to assure the consignee that insurance is provided
to cover loss of or damage to the cargo while in transit.
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An
intermediate consignee is the bank, forwarding agent, or other
intermediary (if any) that acts in a foreign country as an agent for
the exporter, the purchaser, or the ultimate consignee, for the purpose
of effecting delivery of the export to the ultimate consignee.
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Movement of goods by more than one mode of transport, ie. airplane, truck, railroad and ship.
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Lower deck type 3 container. This is the most commonly used container in passenger aircraft.
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The compartment below the Main Deck (also synonymous with lower hold and lower lobe).
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The
deck on which the major portion of payload is carried, normally known
as Upper Deck of an airplane. The full cargo freighter aircraft has it
entire upper deck equipped for main deck type of containers/pallets
while Combi aircraft uses it rear part of the upper deck for cargo
loading. There is no upper deck or main deck type of container/pallet
at passenger aircraft.
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No Value Declared.
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A
shipping document issued by shipper to carrier, Customs and consignee
serving the purposes of identifying detail information of package
count, products count, measurement of each package, weight of each
package, etc.
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Proof
Of Delivery, or a cargo/package receipt with the signature of
receipant. This term has been widely used in courier and express
industry and also gaining more attention and implementation at air
cargo industry..
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An
invoice provided by a supplier prior to the shipment of merchandise,
informing the buyer of the kinds and quantities of goods to be sent,
their value, and important specifications (weight, size, and similar
characteristics). When an importer applys for Letter of Credit as the
means of payment, a Pro Forma Invoice from the beneficiary of such
Letter of Credit, usually the exporter, is required by the L/C issuing
bank.
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The letters, numbers or other symbols placed on the outside of cargo to facilitate identification.
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Shipping
weight represents the gross weight in kilograms of shipments, including
the weight of moisture content, wrappings, crates, boxes, and
containers (other than cargo vans and similar substantial outer
containers).
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TACT stands for The Air Cargo Tariff. It is published by IAP -- International Airlines Publications, an IATA company.
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The weight of a ULD and tie down materials without the weight of the goods it contains.
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Temporary Importation under Bond
When
an importer makes entry of articles and claimed to be exempt from duty
under Chaper 98, Subchapter XIII, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the
United States, a bond is posted with Customs which guarantees that
these items will be exported within a specified time frame (usually
within one year from the date of importation). Failure to export these
items makes the importer liable for the payment of liquidated damages
for breach of the bond conditions.
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Transshipment
refers to the act of sending an exported product through an
intermediate country before routing it to the country intended to be
its final destination.
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Unit Load Device, Any type of container, container with integral pallet, aircraft continer or aircraft pallet.
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The
ultimate consignee is the person located abroad who is the true party
in interest, receiving the export for the designated end-use.
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Value for Customs Purposes Only
The
U.S. Customs Service defines "value for Customs purposes only" as the
value submitted on the entry documentation by the importer which may or
may not reflect information from the manufacturer but in no way
reflects Customs appraisement of the merchandise.
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A
term indicating that a shipper's agent or representative is empowered
to make definitive decisions and adjustments abroad without approval of
the group or individual represented.
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